RELATiVE PRONOUNS
Below is an explanation of relative pronouns. I have declined the English relative pronouns and provided some exercises with answers. The declension of the Latin relative pronouns is in Wheelock on p. 110.
English declension:
Singular & Plural Masculine & Feminine
NOM. who
GEN. whose, of whom
DAT. to/for whom
ACC. whom
ABL. by/with whom
Singular & Plural Neuter
NOM. which
GEN. whose, of which
DAT. to/for which
ACC. which
ABL. by/with which
The relative pronoun refers back to an antecedent (a noun or pronoun in a previous clause). Its gender and number are determined by the antecedent, but the case is determined by its use in the relative clause.
EX. 1: The boy whom I taught was Marcus.
The antecedent of “whom” is boy. The Latin relative pronoun will take its gender and no. from “boy.” Its gender and number are masc. sing.
It takes its case from its function in the relative clause. “Whom” is the direct object of the verb, “taught.” Therefore, the case is accusative.: quem
EX. 2: The women whose dog was lost wrote me a letter.
The antecedent of "whose" is "women." The Latin relative pronoun will take its gender and no. from "women." The gender and number are feminine plural. It takes its case from its function in its own clause. It shows possession. Therefore the case is genitive: quarum
II. Translate the italicized words. The answers are below the exercises.
1. tu, qui amas...
2. Ducis frater quem vidi...
3, Copiae quibus dux donum dedit...
4. Nautae, quorum pecunia erat...
5. Periculum, quod est magnum....
6 This is a city in which many people...
7. I, who am your sister....
8. He spoke to the boys with whom you were running...
9, The women whom we saw...
10. The boy whose name is...
ANSWERS:
1. ...who love
2. whom I saw
3. to whom the the leader gave money
4. whose money was
5. which is great
6. in which
7. quae sum tua soror
8. quibuscum currebas
9. quas vidimus
10. cuius nomen est.
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